CISM – OUTCOME Project (Marie Sklodowska Curie ITN) propose a joint advanced School on "Damage and failure of materials under extreme conditions”. Members of the consortium OUTCOME will lecture on advanced experiments, analytical models and numerical simulations specifically derived to understand damage and failure mechanisms in aerospace and defense structures subjected to extreme loading conditions. Aerospace and defense structures have two common and interlinked denominators: (1) the extreme nature of the thermal and/or mechanical loads they face during their service life; (2) the development of specific processes of damage and failure caused by such extreme loads. From a mechanical standpoint, the integrity of structural elements is determined by the onset and evolution of damage which reduces the strength of the material and leads to failure. The specificities of damage and failure processes, linked not only to the extreme nature of the loads, but also to the character of the different materials used by the defense and aerospace sectors make this course especially attractive since physical aspects which develop in (both) ductile and brittle materials will be handled. While damage in ductile and brittle materials is mainly caused by the growth of microscopic voids and microcracks, the nature and characteristics of the failure are highly dependent on the specific material. In ductile materials, failure is mainly driven by the nucleation and growth of (micro) voids which lead to plastic flow localization. On the other hand, in brittle materials the fracture process is mainly caused by the development and interaction of cracks. In this school, special attention will be paid to the influence of stress state, loading rate, inertial effects, material properties, thermal effects and microstructural evolutions on damage and failure of engineering materials. Modeling damage and failure of engineering materials including all these key parameters is, still today, an open challenge for the Solid Mechanics community which is being faced by the lecturers of this course within the project OUTCOME. Thus, our aim is to show experimental, numerical and analytical results which help to explain the mechanical conditions of failure in structural elements used in aerospace and defense industries. The joint advanced school is especially suitable for students and young researches working in the field of dynamic constitutive modelling, damage and failure of engineering materials. After the course, the participants will be able to: (1) identify the specific features which characterize the response of materials under dynamic loading, (2) determine the requirements for constitutive models used to describe the dynamic behaviour of solids, (3) verify models predictions based on dedicated experiments, (4) have an overview of problems faced, within the domain of intense loading, in the aerospace and defense sectors.